Contains a blend of ingredients important for regulating glutamate activity, stress-reduction, metabolic health, and mitochondrial function*

Key ingredients
N-acetyl-L-cysteine: Precursor to L-cysteine (1). L-cysteine is required for the synthesis of glutathione, an endogenous antioxidant important for mediating oxidative stress (2).

L-theanine: Amino acid that acts as a glutamate receptor antagonist (3).* Glutamatergic signaling underlies mechanisms related to anxiousness and stress (4). In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, L-theanine was shown to significantly reduce stress (5).*

Alpha-lipoic acid: Antioxidant that is able to regenerate endogenous antioxidants and scavenge metal ions and free radicals (6).* Evidence suggests the insulin-signaling pathway is sensitive to redox status (6). Alpha-lipoic acid can influence the redox status in cells important for the translocation of glucose transporters and increasing glucose uptake (6).*

Coenzyme Q10: Compound found in nearly every human cell that is essential for mitochondrial function and antioxidant protection (7).*

References

1. Rushworth G and Megson I. Pharmacol Ther. 2014;141(2):150-9.
2. Schmitt B, et al. Redox Biol. 2015;6:198-205.
3. Kakuda T, et al. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2002;66(12):2683-6.
4. Bermudo-Soriano C, et al. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2012;100(4):752-74.
5. Kimura K, et al. Biol Psychol. 2007;74(1):39-45.
6. Rochette L, et al. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2015;93(12):1021-7.
7. Garrido-Maraver J, et al. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2014;19:619-33.